UPSC Mains Law Paper Topic : Public Interest Litigation

NEW! UPSC MAINS G.S. SOLVED PAPERS (LAST 15 Years)

Public Interest Litigation has been a-significant tool in protecting the-environment. Discuss with the help of-cases. (10/II/6b/30)-
“Ratification is a kind of affirmation of-unauthorized acts.” Critically examine.-Is there any different between ‘agency-by estoppel’ and ‘agency by-ratification’? Discuss. (11/II/ 6a/ 10)
A Central Government Medical-Research Institute in collaboration with-an MNC used a drug on experimental-basis on humans for curing cancer.-Some of the patients died due to this-drug. In order to sue for compensation-for such victims and violation of right-to privacy, Mr. X, a relative of a-deceased patient sought information-through the instrumentality of Right to-Information Act. The information was-refused on the ground that it affects the--contracting power of the Central-Government with foreign companies-and violates trade secrets too. Decide.-(11/II/6b/30)
Q refused to marry her boyfriend P,-resulting into P’s depression. Mr. R, a-friend of P, suggested him to take-revenge with an intention that P will-come out of shock. R provided with a-bottle of liquid believing it as acid. P-mistook X to be Q in darkens and threw-it on her (X) causing rashes on the face-of X, which later resulted into serious-injuries. The investigations revealed that-it was not acid but was a concentrate of-fungicide. Decide the liability of P and-R in the case, keeping in mind that-defence which may be available to P and-R. (13/II/4b/25)