(Sample Material) IAS PRE GS Online Coaching : India & World Geography - "India Physical"

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Subject: India & World Geography

Topic: India Physical

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INTRODUCTION

IMPORTANT MOUNTAIN RANGES

1. Great Himalaya or Himadari

  • Northern most part of the Himalayan Range is the world’s highest part with an average altitude of 6100 m above sea level.
  • Include the world’s highest peak, Mt. Everest (8,848 m) and other high peaks-Makalu (8,481 m), Mansalu (8,156 m), Annapurna (8,,078 m) and also the Indian peak Manghenjunga (8,598 m) and Nanga Parbat (8,126 m).
  • Includes some famous passes—Burzil and Zozi La in Kashmir, Shipki La and Bara Lapcha La in Himachal Pradesh, Thaga La, Niti Pass, and Lipu Lekh in U.P., Jelep La and Nathu La in Sikkim.

ZASKAR RANGE

  • Situated on the western part of the Greater Himlaya and to the south of Trans Himalaya.

Nanaga Parbat (8,126 m)

  • Forms the north-west part of Zaskar Range but geographically confined to Kashmir-Himachal Pradesh- Garhwal region.
  • Second highest peak of the Himalayan Range in India.

Dhaulagiri (8,172 m)

  • Eastern continuation of Nanga Parbat and is located in Nepal.

2. Lesser Himalaya or Himachal

  • Lying to the north of Siwalik Range they are separated from the Siwalik Range by Duns— Dehradun, Kothridun and Patlidun.

(I) PIR PANJAL RANGE

  • Located in Kashmir—Punjab and extends from the Jhelum River to the upper Beas River for over 300 km.
  • Separated from the Zaskar Range by the valley of Kashmir.

(II) DHAULADHAR

  • Southern most range of the Lessers Himalaya.
  • Rarely attains elevations higher than 4,000 m.
  • Continue eastward into Mahabharat Range.

3. Siwalik Range

  • Estends from Jammu & Kashmir (150 km wide) to Arunchal Pradesh (8-15 km) over 2400 km.
  • Also known as Sub-Himalaya or Outer Himalaya.
  • Northern limit—Main Boundary Thrust which separates Outer Himalaya fromthe Lesser Himalaya. Its southern limit is Indo Gangetic Plain.
  • Youngest part of mountain chain, stretching from the Brahmputra to the Indus.

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